Cases and decisions citing the Victorian Reports and Victorian Law Reports
The following list extracts all known citations by Australian and selected international courts of decisions published in the Victorian Reports or Victorian Law Reports. This information is extracted from the JADE Knowledge Graph and is published in this blog each week. Users of the Victorian Reports website are able to see these citations in near real time in the margin or at the top of the page of each cited report.
There were 68 mentions of Victorian Reports and Victorian Law Reports in the period from 12 May 2025 to 18 May 2025.
Mentions
Malass v Strathfield Municipal Council [2025] NSWLEC 44 (09 May 2025)
(Pain J)mentionsTreasury Wine Estates Ltd v Melbourne City Investments Pty Ltd (2014) 45 VR 585
(Maxwell P, Nettle and Kyrou JJA)DPP v Ivanac [2025] VCC 567 (10 April 2025)
(His Honour Judge Rozen)mentionsR v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)Hasan v The Queen (2010) 31 VR 28
(Maxwell P, Redlich and Harper JJA)Victorian Legal Services Commissioner v McDonald (2019) 57 VR 186
(Tate, Kaye and Emerton JJA)DPP v O'Neill (2015) 47 VR 395
(Warren CJ, Redlich and Kaye JJA)RJ v R [2025] NSWCCA 68 (12 May 2025)
(Ward P at [1]; Yehia J at [109]; Coleman J at [110])mentionsR v Ciantar (2006) 16 VR 26
(Warren, C.J, Chernov, Nettle, Neave and Redlich, Jj.A)R v Laz [1998] 1 VR 453
(Ormiston and Charles JJA; Vincent AJA)Seccull v The King (2022) 69 VR 454
(Priest Ap and Niall JJA; Kidd AJA)Shimshon v MLC Nominees Pty Ltd (Settlement Approval) [2025] VSC 249 (12 May 2025)
(Waller J)mentionsShimshon v MLC Nominees Pty Ltd (2021) 66 VR 277
(Sifris, Walker and Whelan JJA)Ward v The King [2025] VSCA 101 (12 May 2025)
(EMERTON P, TAYLOR and BOYCE JJA)mentionsAli v The Queen (2022) 73 VR 132
(T Forrest, Emerton and Walker JJA)Ward v The Queen (2018) 55 VR 307329
Paul Ward v The Queen (2018) 55 VR 307
(Weinberg, Santamaria and Kyrou JJA)MVX v Ambulance Victoria (Review and Regulation) [2025] VCAT 402 (12 May 2025)
(C. Tanner, Member)mentionsDirector of Public Prosecutions v Smith [1991] 1 VR 63
(Kaye, Fullagar and Ormiston JJ)Secretary, Department of Justice v Osland (No 2) (2009) 25 VR 490
(Maxwell ACJ, Ashley JA and Bongiorno AJA)Entama Enterprise Pty Ltd v Consystex Pty Ltd, in the matter of Consystex Pty Ltd [2025] FCA 468 (12 May 2025)
(OWENS J)mentionsBond Brewing Holdings Ltd v National Australia Bank Ltd [1991] 1 VR 386
(Kaye, Murphy and Brooking JJ)Mbuzi v World Vision Australia [2025] FCA 466 (12 May 2025)
(MEAGHER J)mentionsGibbs v Kinna [1999] 2 VR 19
(ORMISTON, PHILLIPS and KENNY, JJ.A.)Moving Views Pty Ltd v Hoo (Building and Property) (Costs) [2025] VCAT 388 (23 April 2025)
(R Bennett, Member)mentionsHazeldene's Chicken Farm Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority (No 2) (2005) 13 VR 435
(Warren, C.J, Maxwell, P., Harper, A.J.A)DPP v West (a pseudonym) [2025] VCC 490 (16 April 2025)
(HIS HONOUR JUDGE LYON)mentionsRodriguez v DPP (Cth) (2013) 40 VR 436
(Warren CJ and Redlich JA)Stalio v The Queen (2012) 46 VR 426
(Neave and Osborn JJA and King AJA)Re: In the matter of the Evangelista Family Trust [2025] QSC 83 (11 March 2025 (ex tempore))
(Treston J)mentionsBallard v Attorney-General (Vic) (2010) 30 VR 413
(Kyrou J)Royal Melbourne Hospital v Equity Trustees Ltd (2007) 18 VR 469
(Ashley and Redlich JJA and Bell AJA)Karlsson v R [2025] NSWDC 173 (07 May 2025)
(Newlinds SC DCJ)mentionsDPP v Kaba (2014) 44 VR 526
(Bell J)Rodgerson v State of Victoria (Corrections Victoria) (Human Rights) (Corrected) [2025] VCAT 418 (12 May 2025)
(M. Cameron, Member)mentionsCatch the Fire Ministries Inc v Islamic Council of Victoria Inc (2006) 15 VR 207
(Nettle, Ashley and Neave, Jj.A)State Electricity Commission of Victoria v Rabel [1998] 1 VR 102
(Tadgell, Ormiston and Phillips JJA)DPP v Ellis [2025] VCC 504 (15 April 2025)
(HIS HONOUR JUDGE DEMPSEY)mentionsR v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)Hudson v The Queen (2010) 30 VR 610
(Ashley, Redlich and Harper JJA)Brown v the Queen 59 VR 424
(Maxwell P, Priest, Kaye, T Forrest and Emerton JJA)Phillips v The Queen (2012) 37 VR 594
(Maxwell P; Nettle, Redlich and Harper JJA; Curtain AJA)R v Scott (2009) 22 VR 41
(Neave and Redlich JJA and Robson AJA)DPP v Clapp [2025] VCC 576 (30 April 2025)
(HIS HONOUR JUDGE DEMPSEY)mentionsClarkson v The Queen (2011) 32 VR 361
(Maxwell ACJ, Nettle, Neave, Redlich and Harper JJA)Adamson v The Queen (2015) 47 VR 268
(Warren CJ and Redlich and Weinberg JJA)R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)R v Grossi (2008) 23 VR 500
(Vincent, Neave and Redlich JJA)Phillips v The Queen (2012) 37 VR 594
(Maxwell P; Nettle, Redlich and Harper JJA; Curtain AJA)R v Merrett (2007) 14 VR 392
(Maxwell, P., Chernov, J.A and Habersberger, A.J.A)Brown v the Queen (2019) 59 VR 462
(Maxwell P, Priest, Kaye, T Forrest and Emerton JJA)Brown v the Queen 59 VR 424
(Maxwell P, Priest, Kaye, T Forrest and Emerton JJA)DPP (Cth) v Garside (2016) 50 VR 800
(Redlich, Priest and Beach JJA)DPP v Cole (a pseudonym) [2025] VCC 577 (2 May 2025)
(HIS HONOUR JUDGE TINNEY)mentionsR v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)Brown v the Queen 59 VR 424
(Maxwell P, Priest, Kaye, T Forrest and Emerton JJA)DPP v Mehdi & Ors (Ruling 14) [2025] VSC 262 (28 March 2025)
(Fox J)mentionsR v Boland [1974] VR 849
(ADAM , LITTLE and MCINERNEY , JJ)AAGC1 Pty Ltd ATF AAGT1 Trust v Valuer-General Victoria (Land Valuation) [2025] VCAT 411 (13 May 2025)
(Teresa Bisucci, Deputy President Justine Jacono, Senior Member)mentionsGrand Ridge Plantations Pty Ltd v Valuer-General Victoria (2024) 75 VR 185
(Richards J)DPP v Mehdi & Ors (Ruling 12) [2025] VSC 261 (21 March 2025)
(Fox J)mentionsR v Cengiz [1998] 3 VR 720
(Ormiston and Charles JJA; Harper AJA)R v Kear [1997] 2 VR 555
(Tadgell, Ormiston and Phillips JJA)R v Yasso (2004) 10 VR 466
(Charles, Batt and Vincent, Jj.A)One Funds Management Limited, in the matter of One Funds Management Limited [2025] FCA 475 (13 May 2025)
(JACKMAN J)mentionsRe GAE [1962] VR 252
(SHOLL, J)Xie v Zhang [2025] VSC 263 (9 May 2025 (ex tempore; revised 13 May 2025))
(CONNOCK J)mentionsKays Leasing Corporation v Burgess [1961] VR 703
(GOWANS, J)Costain Australia v Dennehy [1983] 2 VR 353
(Brooking J)Noonan v Townsend (1876) 20 VLR 341
(A’BECKETT, J.)The City Mutual Life Assurance Society v Giannarelli [1977] VR 463
(McInerney J)Tran v Secretary to the Department of Education (Review and Regulation) [2025] VCAT 419 (13 May 2025)
(R Tang, AM, Senior Member)mentionsBoswell v Fawcett [2025] VCC 556 (12 May 2025)
(Pillay)mentionsMatsoukatidou v Yarra Ranges Council (2017) 51 VR 624
(Bell J)Thompson v Cyati (No. 2) [2025] QDC 32 (24 March 2025.)
(Byrne KC DCJ.)mentionsGrbavac v Hart [1997] 1 VR 154
(Winneke P; Tadgell and Hayne JJA)Hazeldene's Chicken Farm Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority (No 2) (2005) 13 VR 435
(Warren, C.J, Maxwell, P., Harper, A.J.A)DPP v Miller (a pseudonym) [2025] VSC 164 (2 April 2025)
(Jane Dixon J)mentionsR v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)Brown v The Queen (2020) 62 VR 491
(Maxwell P; Niall, T Forrest, Emerton and Osborn JJA)DPP v Lawrence (2004) 10 VR 125
(Winneke, P., Batt and Nettle, Jj.A)Azzopardi v The Queen (2011) 35 VR 43
(Redlich JA, Coghlan and Macaulay Ajja)Tran v The Queen (2012) 35 VR 484
(Maxwell P and Neave JA)NGI Savannah Living Communities Pty Ltd v Dunne [2025] QSC 92 (13 May 2025)
(Bowskill CJ)mentionsFoley v Herald-Sun TV [1981] VR 315
(MCGARVIE, J)Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union v Grocon Constructors (Victoria) Pty Ltd (2014) 47 VR 527
(Ashley, Redlich and Weinberg JJA)HIDDLESTONE ELECTRICS PTY LTD -v- CIVIC LEGAL PTY LTD [2025] WASC 172 (13 MAY 2025)
(MASTER RUSSELL)mentionsMibor Investments Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia [1994] 2 VR 290
(Hayne J)Gerald Jaworski v Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand (No 4) [2025] NSWSC 457 (13 May 2025)
(Black J)mentionsFarrow v Registrar of Building Societies [1991] 2 VR 589
(Marks J)B P v K R & ANOR [2025] SASC 58 (7 May 2025)
(Judgment of the Honourable Auxiliary Associate Justice Costello)mentionsCarter v Walker (2010) 32 VR 1
(Buchanan, Ashley and Weinberg JJA)Footscray Football Club Ltd v Kneale (2024) 77 VR 168
(Emerton P; Beach JA; J Forrest AJA)TOWN OF GAWLER ASSESSMENT MANAGER v BRUNT [2025] SASC 57 (1 May 2025)
(Judgment of the Honourable Justice McDonald)mentionsCowie v Sec Pryse v Sec [1964] VR 788
(GOWANS, J)Babet v Commonwealth of Australia Palmer v Commonwealth of Australia [2025] HCA 21 (14 May 2025)
(GAGELER CJ, GORDON, EDELMAN, STEWARD, GLEESON, JAGOT AND BEECH‑JONES JJ)mentionsThe Commonwealth v Kreglinger & Fernau Ltd and Bardsley [1926] VLR 310
(Knox C.J., Isaacs, Higgins, Gavan Duffy, Powers, Rich and Starke JJ.)DPP v Mortimer [2025] ACTSC 168 (30 April 2025)
(Christensen AJ)mentionsAzzopardi v The Queen (2011) 35 VR 43
(Redlich JA, Coghlan and Macaulay Ajja)DPP v Rayan [2025] VCC 541 (05 May 2025)
(His Honour Judge Rozen)mentionsBoulton v The Queen (2014) 46 VR 308
(Maxwell P, Nettle, Neave, Redlich and Osborn JJA)Director of Public Prosecutions v Edwards (2012) 44 VR 114
(Warren CJ, Weinberg JA and Williams AJA)O'Driscoll v Encore Aviation Pty Ltd; O'Driscoll Aviation Pty Ltd v Encore Helicopter Maintenance Pty Ltd [2025] NSWSC 458 (14 May 2025)
(Elkaim AJ)mentionsHawkes v Schubach [1953] VLR 468
(Barry, J)Dunbar v Perc [1956] VLR 583
(Sholl J)Kearney v Amirbeaggi [2025] NSWSC 455 (14 May 2025)
(Fagan J)mentionsSlaveski v Victoria (2009) 25 VR 160
(Kyrou J)CDPP v Coates [2025] VCC 426 (4 April 2025)
(HER HONOUR JUDGE CHAMBERS)mentionsDPP (Cth) v Garside (2016) 50 VR 800
(Redlich, Priest and Beach JJA)R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)CBA v Scordo [2025] VSC 256 (13 May 2025)
(Goulden AsJ)mentionsKostokanellis v Allen [1974] VR 596
(GOWANS , CROCKETT and HARRIS , JJ)Tucker v Walker [1920] VLR 385
(SCHUTT, J.)Oil Basins Limited v Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd (No 2) [2025] VSC 257 (14 May 2025)
(Croft J)mentionsWinslow Constructors Pty Ltd v Head, Transport for Victoria (Costs) (2021) 64 VR 200
(Riordan J)Oil Basins Ltd vs Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd (2025) 78 VR 388
(Croft J)IMC Aviation Solutions Pty Ltd v Altain Khuder LLC (2011) 38 VR 303
(Warren CJ and Hansen JA and Kyrou AJA)Subway Systems Australia Pty Ltd v Ireland (2014) 46 VR 49
(Maxwell P, Beach JA and Kyrou AJA)JB Asset Management & Anor v LBA Capital Pty Ltd & Ors (No 3) [2025] VSC 264 (14 May 2025)
(M Osborne J)mentionsBarwon Region Water Authority v Aquatec-Maxcon (2007) 17 VR 480
(Warren CJ, Kaye and Whelan Ajja)Hazeldene's Chicken Farm Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority (No 2) (2005) 13 VR 435
(Warren, C.J, Maxwell, P., Harper, A.J.A)Grbavac v Hart [1997] 1 VR 154
(Winneke P; Tadgell and Hayne JJA)Navigators Underwriting Agency Ltd v John Beever (Aust) Pty Ltd [2025] VSC 254 (14 May 2025)
(Goulden AsJ)mentionsSavcor Pty Ltd v Cathodic Protection International APS (2005) 12 VR 639
(Ormiston and Buchanan, Jj.A and Gillard, A.J.A)Ramsay v Madgwicks (a Firm) [1989] VR 1
(Young CJ; Kaye and Southwell JJ)Thompson v Dominelli Group Pty Ltd t/as Dominelli Ford [2025] NSWCATAP 106 (15 May 2025)
(G Sarginson, Deputy President, J Gatland, Senior Member)mentionsLife Insurance Co of Australia Ltd v Phillips [1925] VLR 311
([Coram KNOX, C.J., ISAACS, RICH, AND STARKE, JJ.])Abraham v Goldberg [2025] NSWSC 473 (15 May 2025)
(Slattery J)mentionsCREED v. SMITH [1914] VLR 652
(HOOD, J.)Dib Group Pty Ltd v OHK Pty Ltd [2025] NSWSC 453 (15 May 2025)
(Davies J)mentionsMeckiff v Simpson [1968] VR 62
(MENHENNITT, J)PAUL STEVEN ATKINS v BRETT AINSLEY HUGHES, TRUDI ANN HUGHES [2025] SADC 51 (15 May 2025)
(Judgment of his Honour Judge Burnett)mentionsChristian Youth Camps Ltd v Cobaw Community Health Services Ltd (2014) 50 VR 256
(Maxwell P, Neave and Redlich JJA)Palmer Tube Mills (Aust) v Semi [1998] 4 VR 439
(Brooking, Tadgell and Buchanan JJA)Lugo (A Pseudonym) v R (2020) 60 VR 161
(Tate, Kaye and Niall JJA)JANE PANAGARIS MCENTEE, DEBORAH ANN MCENTEE v SJ BERRY PTY LTD, SANDRA JOY BERRY & OTHERS [2025] SADC 52 (15 May 2025)
(Judgment of his Honour Judge Burnett)mentionsTrustees Executors & Agency Co Ltd v Reilly [1941] VLR 110
(MANN C.J.)Trustee Executors & Agency Co Ltd v Reilly [1941] VLR 110111
RETURN TO WORK CORPORATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA v PAPADOPOULOS [2025] SASCA 48 (8 May 2025)
(The Honourable President Livesey, the Honourable Justice S Doyle and the Honourable Justice Bleby)mentionsLingenberg v Gallichio (2013) 40 VR 60
(Nettle and Neave JJA)Park v Peach [1967] VR 558
(WINNEKE CJ, ADAM and STARKE , JJ)Mountain Pine Furniture Pty Ltd v Taylor (2007) 16 VR 659
(Vincent, Nettle and Ashley JJA)R v SADIK & ANOR [2025] SASCA 46 (8 May 2025)
(The Honourable President Livesey, the Honourable Justice S Doyle and the Honourable Justice David)mentionsAzzopardi v The Queen (2011) 35 VR 43
(Redlich JA, Coghlan and Macaulay Ajja)Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Thomas, Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Wu (2016) 53 VR 546
(Redlich, Santamaria and McLeish JJA)Matthews v The Queen (2014) 44 VR 280
(Warren CJ, Nettle, Redlich, Priest JJA and Lasry AJA)RETURN TO WORK CORPORATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA v SWEENEY [2025] SASCA 50 (15 May 2025)
(The Honourable President Livesey, the Honourable Justice S Doyle and the Honourable Justice Bleby)mentionsHazeldene's Chicken Farm Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority (No 2) (2005) 13 VR 435
(Warren, C.J, Maxwell, P., Harper, A.J.A)Lingenberg v Gallichio (2013) 40 VR 60
(Nettle and Neave JJA)VANTAGE HOLDINGS GROUP PTY LTD -v- DONNELLY [No 5] [2025] WASC 176 (15 MAY 2025)
(SMITH AUJ)mentionsGamble v Killingsworth and McLean Publishing Co [1970] VR 161
(MCINERNEY, J)Yanunijarra Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC v State of Western Australia [2025] FCA 490 (15 May 2025)
(HORAN J)mentionsRosser v Austral Wine and Spirit Co [1980] VR 313
(YOUNG, CJ and O'BRYAN, J)Byrne v Marles (2008) 19 VR 612
(Nettle and Dodds-Streeton JJA; Coghlan AJA)Keasey v Director of Housing (2022) 66 VR 45
(Niall, Emerton and Whelan JJA)Zonia Holdings Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia Limited [2025] FCAFC 63 (7 May 2025)
(MURPHY, MOSHINSKY AND BUTTON JJ)mentionsJLW (Vic) v Tsiloglou [1994] 1 VR 237
(Brooking, Tadgell and Jd Phillips JJ)DPP v Tanner (a pseudonym) [2025] VCC 563 (7 May 2025)
(HIS HONOUR JUDGE MCINERNEY)mentionsBerichon v The Queen (2013) 40 VR 490
(Redlich and Priest JJA and Robson AJA)Hasan v The Queen (2010) 31 VR 28
(Maxwell P, Redlich and Harper JJA)Gallegos & Berntsson [2025] FedCFamC1F 125 (4 March 2025)
(BEHRENS J)mentionsMainieri v Cirillo (2014) 47 VR 127
(Nettle AP and Hansen and Santamaria JJA)Ugle v The King [2025] VSCA 102 (15 May 2025)
(TAYLOR, LYONS and KAYE JJA)mentionsR v Halliday (2009) 23 VR 419
(Buchanan, Ashley and Weinberg JJA)Damien Aubrey Platt v The Queen (2018) 58 VR 593
(Tate, Whelan and Niall JJA)Pako International Pty Ltd v Labour Hire Authority (Review and Regulation) [2025] VCAT 425 (16 May 2025)
(A Dea, Senior Member)mentionsState of Victoria (Corrections Victoria Unit of the Department of Justice & Regulation) v Allan Thompson (2019) 58 VR 583
(Beach, Osborn JJA and Kennedy AJA)Shapkin v The University of Sydney [2025] NSWCA 100 (16 May 2025)
(Mitchelmore JA; Ball JA)mentionsSwan v Uecker (2016) 50 VR 74
(Croft J)R v GBR [2025] QCA 71 (16 May 2025)
(Boddice and Brown JJA and Crowley J)mentionsRomero v The Queen (2011) 32 VR 486
(Buchanan, Redlich and Mandie JJA)R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269
(Maxwell P, Buchanan and Vincent JJA)Kolevski v Timber Creek Holdings Pty Ltd [2025] NSWSC 487 (16 May 2025)
(Hmelnitsky J)mentionsMcMahon v National Foods Milk Ltd (2009) 25 VR 251
(Nettle, Neave and Dodds-Streeton JJA)Kumari v State of New South Wales, NSW Treasury [2025] NSWIRComm 13 (15 May 2025)
(Taylor J, President)mentionsHughes v National Trustees Executors and Agency Co of Australasia [1978] VR 257
(MCINERNEY, J)In the matter of AMBBB Pty Ltd [2025] NSWSC 476 (15 May 2025)
(Black J)mentionsHohol v Hohol [1981] VR 221
(O'BRYAN, J)Aun v Vitim Pty Ltd & Ors [2025] VSC 265 (16 May 2025)
(Tsalamandris J)mentionsRe Niall (2019) 60 VR 1
(McMillan J)Craven v Bradley (2021) 63 VR 567
(Derham AsJ)Vanta Pty Ltd v Mantovani (2023) 72 VR 19
(Kyrou and Sifris JJA; J Forrest AJA)Vrantsidis v Milekovic [2025] VSC 255 (14 May 2025)
(Daly AsJ)mentionsDura (Australia) Constructions Pty Ltd v Hue Boutique Living Pty Ltd (No 5) (2014) 48 VR 1
(Dixon J)Forster v Legal Services Board (2013) 40 VR 587
(Weinberg and Harper JJA and Kyrou AJA)Bolitho v Banksia Securities Ltd (No 18) (remitter) (2021) 69 VR 28
(John Dixon J)Di Gregorio v The King [2025] VSCA 103 (16 May 2025)
(ORR and KAYE JJA)mentionsHarrison v The Queen (2015) 49 VR 619
(Maxwell P, Redlich and Tate JJA)Harrison v The Queen (2015) 74 MVR 58
(Maxwell P, Redlich and Tate JJA)Romero v The Queen (2011) 32 VR 486
(Buchanan, Redlich and Mandie JJA)Lowe v The Queen (2015) 48 VR 351
(Warren CJ, Redlich JA and Robson AJA)Gorladenchearau v The Queen (2011) 34 VR 149
(Maxwell P, Ashley JA & Ross AJA)Clarkson v The Queen (2011) 32 VR 361
(Maxwell ACJ, Nettle, Neave, Redlich and Harper JJA)Coady v Yachting Victoria Inc (Civil Claims) [2025] VCAT 427 (14 May 2025)
(R Wilson, Deputy President)mentionsThurin v Krongold Constructions (Aust) Pty Ltd (2022) 73 VR 403
(McLeish, Niall and Walker JJA)An & Ors v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2024) 75 VR 493
(JUDGE:Harris J)Australian Football League v Carlton Football Club [1998] 2 VR 546
(Tadgell and Hayne JJA; Ashley AJA)Selinda Maduranjaan Perera Gardi Hewapanna Meringnage v Interstate Enterprises Pty Ltd T/A Tecside Group and Ors (according to the schedule attached) and Attorney-General Of Victoria (2020) 60 VR 361
(Tate, Niall and Emerton JJA)